This study will use a dynamic computing coverage by considering the cluster size variation of the tropical cyclone system, and employ SSM/I and QuikSCAT satellite data to estimate the total heat energy and relative vorticity, respectively, in finding better thresholds for these two physical values as whether typhoons will occur or not in the Northwest Pacific. This study selects 106 tropical cyclone cases during May to November, 2000-2007 in the Northwest Pacific, two-thirds of these cases are used to establish the formation thresholds, one-thirds of these cases, which total to 35 cases, are regarded as dependant cases for verification. The result shows that if we used a fixed tropical cyclone system size, there were 31 cases can be announced almost two days earlier before the official JTWC warnings were issued. It reveals that the dynamic tropical cyclone system size could improve the prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the verification result of 24 independent cases during 2008-2009 shows that 18 cases could be predicted before JTWC. It could improve tropical cyclone prediction accuracy by considering the cluster size variation of tropical cyclone systems.

Many weather phenomena are related to Kuroshio, which is neighboring to Taiwan. However, there were rare studies about the interaction between the atmosphere and the warm current in low latitude region, especially Kuroshio near the east of Taiwan ((127oE,30 oN), (132 oE,30 oN), (118 oE,22 oN), (123 oE,22 oN)). The aim of this study is to investigate the atmosphere response to the south region of Kuroshio (KS: 118-132oE, 22-30oN) and to compare with the south region of Gulf Stream (GS: 278-292oE, 30-38oN). A suit of high resolution satellite data and observed data are analyzed including sea surface temperature (SST), cloud, rain, evaporation, moisture flux, vertical motion and heat flux etc. Seasonal variability analysis showed that, in winter, KS and GS affected atmosphere by sensible heat flux and evaporation. The upward motion extended from surface to 300hPa in GS, but limited to 750hPa in KS owing to large scale downward motion; in spring, SST gradient was stronger than other seasons in KS and cooperated with frontal lifting. It sequentially caused the local wind convergence, deep convection and rain. The upward motion extended to 400hPa in KS, but to 700hPa in GS; in summer and fall, the upward motion extended to about 150hPa in both KS and GS. In GS, the SST gradient was the key to anchoring the upward motion. In KS, the deep convection was due to high-SST. Overall, the KS will affects the upper troposphere through low level wind adjustment by SST gradient in winter and spring, if SST is strong and atmospheric condition is not unfavorable. Our study was based on observed data set, the exact restricted reason and mechanism are not clear, other large scale information and regional model would be good methods to further study.

There is a direct relationship between typhoon cloud structure and typhoon intensity. In general, when typhoon clouds with dense structure and the characteristics of axial symmetry, the typhoons are often strong. Based on this fact, the data used in this study was MTSAT_IR1 infrared data including Typhoon Sinlaku (2008), Typhoon Jangmi (2008) and Typhoon Songda (2011) cases. In addition, the satellite images edge detection technical was used to compute horizontal and vertical temperature gradient. Taking the typhoon center as a reference point for each satellite image pixel position vector, then the difference between gradient vector and the position vector was defined as the Variation Angle. Finally, the analysis of this variation angle for the various stages of the typhoon intensity was made. The results showed: MTSAT_IR1 infrared image of the angular distribution of variation can effectively respond to the introduction of wind strength, the correlation coefficient with wind speed greater than 0.7, so the satellite image edge detection technology in the development and application of typhoon intensity estimation is to be expected.

Global warming and climate change are the most important issues of the Earth system in the recent years. Atmospheric aerosols can have an important effect on the energy budget of Earth system, and different aerosol type usually exhibits different distinct radiometric characteristic in absorption and scattering. The low absorption leads to top of atmosphere cooling, such as dust, while heating can take place inside the atmosphere for strong absorption, such as smoke. Thus the absorption of aerosol is an important factor of energy balance which can influence in global warming and climate change. The present study intents to investigate the absorption of smoke plumes from Southeastern Asia bio-mass burning and the dust particles in West Africa by retrieving the single scattering albedo (SSA) from the fusion of satellite data and AERONET data. The concept of retrieving SSA is based on matching the surface reflectivity in multiple view angle retrieved on clear day. The results showed that when the aerosol optical depth is more than 0.5 on hazy day, the error of retrieving SSA can be less than 3%. The mean values of SSA retrievals in the northwestern Thailand are 0.88(blue band), 0.84(red band), 0.84(NIR band) and 0.94 0.91 0.88 in the southeastern Thailand, respectively. According to trajectory analysis, smoke plumes from different region could exhibit distinct optical properties. As for the dust particles, the mean values of retrieved SSA in the western Africa are 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94 in the blue, red, and NIR spectral bands, respectively. However, the SSA values are much lower in summer which may be polluted by the strong absorption of aerosols from ocean, such as sea salt. The results of this study imply that the absorptive property of aerosol mainly relates to the source region of aerosol types and the prevailing wind (monsoon), and the retrievals of absorptive property would be useful to the investigations regarding to the changes of Earth energy budget.

Pearl River Delta (PRD) is located in southern China near the coastline. Through the last two decades, PRD region has experienced the unprecedented land-use and land-cover changes as a result of rapid economic development and urban expansion. Its possible impact on regional air quality and climate change is a major concern of the national government as well as the global community. In this study, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model is performed using the updated land use data for a high ozone event (October 24 to 26, 2007). The land use data is reclassified and updated using the 500-m resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products. Analysis of the wind field simulation result demonstrated that the see-breeze flow direction is opposite to the prevailing wind (1300 to 1800 LST) that forms a stagnant wind condition near the Macao and Pearl River Estuary region. The trajectory analysis showed that the ozone concentration was transported from the source area in the Guang-Dong province.